Thankfully, though Ganondorf initially destroyed the Master Sword, Link and Zelda can repair the weapon throughout the game. Once Zelda and Link are reunited, she can use her powers to go back in time and heal the Master Sword.
The princess will take the sword from Link and, by using a Secret Stone from the Zonai, she transforms into a dragon and goes back in time, using her body to restore the sword to its power.
As Link progresses through the journey in Tears of the Kingdom, he can find Zelda to retrieve it — though instead of having enough heart containers to get it, like in Breath of the Wild, he'll need to have enough stamina. You'll want to have two full wheels of stamina before you attempt to retrieve the Master Sword, so you'll have to advance sufficiently through the game if you want to wield the powerful weapon again.
Tears of the Kingdom is now available exclusively for the Nintendo Switch.