Although there's no official ranking of which one of them is stronger, fans seem to agree that Knuckles is stronger than Sonic. In a 2020 thread on Reddit, one fan even mentioned that they thought it was a well-known fact of the series.
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But for some fans, which one is stronger doesn't matter. On Quora, fans talk about different projects over the years that show the difference in Sonic's and Knuckles' abilities. Some feel as though Knuckles is near invincible. One user even calls him a beast. But that doesn't mean anything if Knuckles can't even touch his opponent. Sonic is said to be the faster of the two, and that means that Sonic should be able to dodge any blow Knuckles tries to land.
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Plus, that also means that when Sonic tries to fight back, he can quickly move in to land a punch before Knuckles can even react. So, sure, Knuckles may be the strong one when it comes to actual physical strength, but that doesn't mean Sonic is weak and can't still get a few good hits in before Knuckles can touch him.
Now that Knuckles and Sonic will be going head to head in the upcoming movie Sonic the Hedgehog 2, fans are looking to see who comes out on top in what could be the ultimate test.